Page 104 - ESCARPMENT MAGAZINE | Spring 2013

104 Escarpment Magazine Spring 2013
escarpment
four legged friends
Recent reports of a raccoon distemper outbreak in our region
have local veterinarians stressing the importance of making sure pets are up
to date on their vaccinations. Raccoons are susceptible to infection by both
canine and feline distemper, two separate viruses that are often fatal in the
species. Transmission of the viruses can be through airborne droplets, direct
contact with body fluids and raccoon droppings. Clinical symptoms of canine
distemper in raccoons include runny nose and watery eyes that can eventually
develop into pneumonia. Diarrhea and severe wasting is often seen ultimately
ending in neurological signs in the final stage of the disease where brain dam-
age is apparent. Bizarre behaviours including wandering aimlessly, circling
and disorientation may be present. Raccoons displaying these behaviours
should be reported immediately to local authorities as rabies infection produces
identical clinical symptoms.
Laboratory testing of the infected animal’s tissues is the only way to differentiate
the two infections. Fortunately, distemper virus cannot be transmitted to humans,
however rabies is a serious human health threat. Feline distemper virus causes
high fever, depression, vomiting and diarrhea, and ultimately bone marrow
suppression which is often rapidly fatal. Transmission of feline distemper virus
can be through all bodily fluids and it is also thought that fleas and other insects
may have a role in spreading the disease. There is no treatment for canine and
feline distemper with most animals succumbing to the disease.
Fortunately, vaccination has been proven to be highly effective in the preven-
tion of distemper in our pets. Puppies and kittens should have the proper num-
ber of vaccine boosters to ensure adequate protection, and adult pets should
be kept up to date on their vaccine status. Avoiding contact with raccoons is
very important. Baby raccoons can be quite friendly and approachable (not
to mention very cute) but pose many health risks to both humans
ands pets. Along with rabies and distemper virus, raccoons may
also spread Leptospirosis and a roundworm called Baylisascaris
procyonis. Leptospirosis is a disease spread by a bacteria-like or-
ganism that is shed in the urine of infected raccoons, skunks and
opossums.
Ingestion of contaminated water sources where these animals have
been or exposure through skin abrasions can lead to infections that
can attack the liver or kidneys. Leptospirosis can affect both dogs
and humans, and currently there is a vaccine available for dogs
who may be at risk to help protect them from the disease. The rac-
coon roundworm, Baylisascaris procyonis, is shed in raccoon feces.
Exposure to the parasite in humans can lead to larval infection in
the brain tissue and clinical symptoms of encephalitis. Young chil-
dren appear to be most at risk. However tempting it may be, it is
against the law to raise young raccoons or keep them as pets.
Racoon Distemper
...NASTY!
By DR. JACQUIE PANKATZ
PHOTOS | CLAY DOLAN